Ecological problem - it's a definite change of the natural environment as a result of human impact, leading to the failure of the structure and functioning of natural systems (landscape) and leading to negative economic, social or other consequences. This concept - anthropocentric, since the negative transformation in the nature of assessed on the conditions of human existence.

Classification of Ecological Problems of the Earth associated with disorders of the components of the landscape, conventionally divided into six categories: - atmospheric (thermal, radiological, mechanical or chemical pollution of the atmosphere); - Water (contamination of the oceans and seas, as the depletion of groundwater and surface water); - Geological and geomorphological (activation of negative geological and geomorphological processes, strain relief and geological structure); - Soil (soil contamination, salinization, erosion, deflation, waterlogging, and so on. N.); - Biotic (vegetation degradation and forest, reducing species diversity, pasture digression, and so on. D.); - Landscape (complex) - the deterioration of biodiversity, desertification, the failure mode of an established protected areas and so on. N. On the basic nature of the changes to the environment are isolated problems and situations: - Landscape genetics. Arise as a result of the loss of genetic resources and unique natural sites, compromising the integrity of the landscape system. - Anthropoecological. Considered with respect to changes in living conditions and health. - Natural-resource. Associated with the loss or depletion of natural resources, worsen the process of economic activity in the affected territorii