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What was it? 

The Holocaust is one of the most terrible events in human history. It occurred during World War II when Hitler was leader of Germany.

It was based on Hitler's long-standing view that the Jews were the great enemy of the German people and that Lebensraum was needed for the expansion of Germany. He focused on Eastern Europe for this expansion, aiming to defeat Poland and the Soviet Union and on removing or killing the Jews and Slavs.

Six million Jewish people were murdered by the Nazis. This included as many as 1 million Jewish children. Millions of other people that Hitler didn't like were killed as well. This included 2 million Polish people, over 3 million Soviet prisoners, Catholics, Serbs, and handicapped people. It is thought that the Nazis murdered as many as 17 million innocent people. 

Why did Hitler and the Nazis do it? 

Hitler hated Jewish people and blamed them for Germany losing World War I. He considered Jewish people to be less than human.

Hitler wrote in his book Mein Kampf that when he became ruler he would rid Germany of all the Jews. Not many people believed he would really do this, but as soon as he became Chancellor he started his work against the Jews. He made laws that said Jews had no rights. Then he organized attacks on Jewish businesses and homes. On November 9, 1938 many Jewish homes and businesses were burnt down or vandalized. This night was called the Kristallnacht or "Night of Broken Glass". 

Ghettos 
During World War II when the Nazis would take over a city in Europe they would force all of the Jewish people into one area of town. This area was called a ghetto and was fenced in with barbed wire and guarded. There was little food, water, or medicine available. It was also very crowded with multiple families sometimes sharing asingle room to live in. 

Concentration Camps 
All Jewish people were eventually to be brought to concentration camps. They were told they were relocating to a new and better place, but this was not the case. Concentration camps were like prison camps. People were forced to do hard labor. The weak were quickly killed or died of starvation. Some camps even had gaschambers. People would be led into the chambers in large groups only to be killed with poison gas. The concentration camps were horrible places. 

Hiding 

Many Jewish people hid from the Nazis during World War II. They would hide with non-Jewish families. Sometimes they would pretend to be a part of the family and sometimes they would hide in hidden rooms or in a basement or attic. Some were able to eventually escape across the border into a free country, but many hid for years sometimes in the same room. 

Stories and Heroes of the Holocaust 
There are many stories of Jewish people striving to survive during the Holocaust and the heroes who helped them. Here are a few: 

Anne Frank's Diary - This diary tells the real life story of a young girl named Anne Frank. She and her family hid from the Nazis for two years before they were betrayed and captured. Anne died in a concentration camp, but her diary survived to tell her story. 

Schindler's List - This movie tells the story of Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who managed to save the lives of over one thousand Jewish people who worked in his factories.

The Hiding Place - This tells the true story of Corrie ten Boom, a Dutch lady who helped to hide Jewish people from the Nazis. Corrie gets caught by a spy, however, and is sent to a concentration camp. Corrie survives the camp and is let free at the end of the war. 

The Holocaust

Test Quiz

1) What was the Holocaust?

         A battle in World War II

         When six million Jewish people were killed by the German Nazis

         A time when all people in Germany were made to work hard for little food

         All of the above

         None of the above

2) What book did Hitler write where he said he wanted to rid Germany of the Jews?

         His Journal

         The Third Reich

         Buch von Adolf

         Mein Kampf

3) Besides wanting to kill all of the Jewish people, who else did Hitler want to get rid of?

         Polish

         Catholics

         Handicapped

         All of the above

         None of the above

4) When the Germans took over a city in Europe, what was the place in town called where they put the Jewish people?

         The Prison

         The Asylum

         The Jail

         The Dungeon

         The Ghetto

5) What was the name of the places where they would take the Jews and make them work or kill them?

         Labor prisons

         Concentration camps

         Ghost towns

         Jail houses

         Work precincts

6) What were gas chambers?

         Places where people had to work until they passed out

         Places where they tortured prisoners

         Places where Jewish people were killed by poisonous gas

         All of the above

         None of the above

7) What young girl wrote a journal of her life hiding for two years from the Nazis?

         Anne Frank

         Eva Braun

         Sophie Scholl

         Eleanor Roosevelt

         Cary Schindler

8) How many innocent people have historians estimated that Hitler and the Nazis killed?

         1 million

         3 million

         6 million

         11 million

         17 million

9) Who was Corrie ten Boom?

         A Jewish lady who protested against the Germans

         A German fighter pilot

         A Dutch lady who helped Jewish people to hide from the Nazis

         A Danish lady who spied on the Germans

         A French freedom fighter

10) What nationality was Oskar Schindler, the man who helped save many Jewish people during World War II?

         French

         German

         Polish

         Dutch